AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 008D87

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

Identifieur interne : 008D87 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 008D86; suivant : 008D88

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

Auteurs : Michael Worobey [États-Unis] ; Marlea Gemmel [États-Unis] ; Dirk E. Teuwen [France, Belgique] ; Tamara Haselkorn [États-Unis] ; Kevin Kunstman [États-Unis] ; Michael Bunce [Australie] ; Jean-Jacques Muyembe [République du Congo] ; Jean-Marie M. Kabongo [République du Congo] ; Raphaël M. Kalengayi [République du Congo] ; Eric Van Marck [Belgique] ; M. Thomas P. Gilbert [États-Unis] ; Steven M. Wolinsky [États-Unis]

Source :

Nature : (London) [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2008.

RBID : Pascal:08-0469493

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- SIDA, Diversité génétique, République démocratique du Congo, Virus HIV1.
Wicri :
- geographic : République démocratique du Congo.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- AIDS, Congo (Democratic republic), Genetic diversity, HIV-1 virus.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution^1,2. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection¹. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), and we use them to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the most recent common ancestor of the M group to near the beginning of the twentieth century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed palaeovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682493

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960</title>
<author><name sortKey="Worobey, Michael" sort="Worobey, Michael" uniqKey="Worobey M" first="Michael" last="Worobey">Michael Worobey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gemmel, Marlea" sort="Gemmel, Marlea" uniqKey="Gemmel M" first="Marlea" last="Gemmel">Marlea Gemmel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teuwen, Dirk E" sort="Teuwen, Dirk E" uniqKey="Teuwen D" first="Dirk E." last="Teuwen">Dirk E. Teuwen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Sanofi Pasteur</s1>
<s2>69367 Lyon</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<wicri:noRegion>69367 Lyon</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>UCB SA Pharma</s1>
<s2>Braine l'Alleud, 1420</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haselkorn, Tamara" sort="Haselkorn, Tamara" uniqKey="Haselkorn T" first="Tamara" last="Haselkorn">Tamara Haselkorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kunstman, Kevin" sort="Kunstman, Kevin" uniqKey="Kunstman K" first="Kevin" last="Kunstman">Kevin Kunstman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois 60611</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Chicago, Illinois 60611</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University</s1>
<s2>Perth, Western Australia 6150</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth, Western Australia 6150</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" sort="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Muyembe J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Muyembe">Jean-Jacques Muyembe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kabongo, Jean Marie M" sort="Kabongo, Jean Marie M" uniqKey="Kabongo J" first="Jean-Marie M." last="Kabongo">Jean-Marie M. Kabongo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalengayi, Raphael M" sort="Kalengayi, Raphael M" uniqKey="Kalengayi R" first="Raphaël M." last="Kalengayi">Raphaël M. Kalengayi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Marck, Eric" sort="Van Marck, Eric" uniqKey="Van Marck E" first="Eric" last="Van Marck">Eric Van Marck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Antwerp</s1>
<s2>Antwerp 2610</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Anvers</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province d'Anvers</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Anvers</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolinsky, Steven M" sort="Wolinsky, Steven M" uniqKey="Wolinsky S" first="Steven M." last="Wolinsky">Steven M. Wolinsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois 60611</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Chicago, Illinois 60611</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">08-0469493</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 08-0469493 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:08-0469493</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">003278</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">002D74</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">003304</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">003304</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0028-0836:2008:Worobey M:direct:evidence:of</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">009718</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682493</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3682493</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D28</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001D28</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001B85</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001B85</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002A20</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002A20</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000448</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000448</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000448</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0028-0836:2008:Worobey M:direct:evidence:of</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">008E60</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">008D87</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">008D87</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960</title>
<author><name sortKey="Worobey, Michael" sort="Worobey, Michael" uniqKey="Worobey M" first="Michael" last="Worobey">Michael Worobey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gemmel, Marlea" sort="Gemmel, Marlea" uniqKey="Gemmel M" first="Marlea" last="Gemmel">Marlea Gemmel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teuwen, Dirk E" sort="Teuwen, Dirk E" uniqKey="Teuwen D" first="Dirk E." last="Teuwen">Dirk E. Teuwen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Sanofi Pasteur</s1>
<s2>69367 Lyon</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<wicri:noRegion>69367 Lyon</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>UCB SA Pharma</s1>
<s2>Braine l'Alleud, 1420</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haselkorn, Tamara" sort="Haselkorn, Tamara" uniqKey="Haselkorn T" first="Tamara" last="Haselkorn">Tamara Haselkorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kunstman, Kevin" sort="Kunstman, Kevin" uniqKey="Kunstman K" first="Kevin" last="Kunstman">Kevin Kunstman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois 60611</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Chicago, Illinois 60611</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Ancient DNA Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University</s1>
<s2>Perth, Western Australia 6150</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Perth, Western Australia 6150</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" sort="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Muyembe J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Muyembe">Jean-Jacques Muyembe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kabongo, Jean Marie M" sort="Kabongo, Jean Marie M" uniqKey="Kabongo J" first="Jean-Marie M." last="Kabongo">Jean-Marie M. Kabongo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalengayi, Raphael M" sort="Kalengayi, Raphael M" uniqKey="Kalengayi R" first="Raphaël M." last="Kalengayi">Raphaël M. Kalengayi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</s1>
<s3>COG</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République du Congo</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 864</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Marck, Eric" sort="Van Marck, Eric" uniqKey="Van Marck E" first="Eric" last="Van Marck">Eric Van Marck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Antwerp</s1>
<s2>Antwerp 2610</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Anvers</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">Province d'Anvers</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Anvers</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona</s1>
<s2>Tucson, Arizona 85721</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolinsky, Steven M" sort="Wolinsky, Steven M" uniqKey="Wolinsky S" first="Steven M." last="Wolinsky">Steven M. Wolinsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University</s1>
<s2>Chicago, Illinois 60611</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Chicago, Illinois 60611</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Nature : (London)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Nature : (Lond.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Nature : (London)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Nature : (Lond.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS</term>
<term>Congo (Democratic republic)</term>
<term>Genetic diversity</term>
<term>HIV-1 virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>SIDA</term>
<term>Diversité génétique</term>
<term>République démocratique du Congo</term>
<term>Virus HIV1</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>République démocratique du Congo</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution<sup>1,2</sup>
. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection<sup>1</sup>
. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), and we use them to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the most recent common ancestor of the M group to near the beginning of the twentieth century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed palaeovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li>
<li>Belgique</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>République du Congo</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Province d'Anvers</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Région flamande</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Anvers</li>
<li>Lyon</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université d'Anvers</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Worobey, Michael" sort="Worobey, Michael" uniqKey="Worobey M" first="Michael" last="Worobey">Michael Worobey</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Gemmel, Marlea" sort="Gemmel, Marlea" uniqKey="Gemmel M" first="Marlea" last="Gemmel">Marlea Gemmel</name>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name>
<name sortKey="Haselkorn, Tamara" sort="Haselkorn, Tamara" uniqKey="Haselkorn T" first="Tamara" last="Haselkorn">Tamara Haselkorn</name>
<name sortKey="Kunstman, Kevin" sort="Kunstman, Kevin" uniqKey="Kunstman K" first="Kevin" last="Kunstman">Kevin Kunstman</name>
<name sortKey="Wolinsky, Steven M" sort="Wolinsky, Steven M" uniqKey="Wolinsky S" first="Steven M." last="Wolinsky">Steven M. Wolinsky</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Teuwen, Dirk E" sort="Teuwen, Dirk E" uniqKey="Teuwen D" first="Dirk E." last="Teuwen">Dirk E. Teuwen</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Belgique"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Teuwen, Dirk E" sort="Teuwen, Dirk E" uniqKey="Teuwen D" first="Dirk E." last="Teuwen">Dirk E. Teuwen</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Van Marck, Eric" sort="Van Marck, Eric" uniqKey="Van Marck E" first="Eric" last="Van Marck">Eric Van Marck</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="République du Congo"><noRegion><name sortKey="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" sort="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Muyembe J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Muyembe">Jean-Jacques Muyembe</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Kabongo, Jean Marie M" sort="Kabongo, Jean Marie M" uniqKey="Kabongo J" first="Jean-Marie M." last="Kabongo">Jean-Marie M. Kabongo</name>
<name sortKey="Kalengayi, Raphael M" sort="Kalengayi, Raphael M" uniqKey="Kalengayi R" first="Raphaël M." last="Kalengayi">Raphaël M. Kalengayi</name>
<name sortKey="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" sort="Muyembe, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Muyembe J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Muyembe">Jean-Jacques Muyembe</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 008D87 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 008D87 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Asie
   |area=    AustralieFrV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Pascal:08-0469493
   |texte=   Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960
}}

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Tue Dec 5 10:43:12 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 5 14:07:20 2024

Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.